1. United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA):

• The USMCA, which replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), continued to shape trade relations in North America. It emphasized provisions related to digital trade, labor, and environmental standards.

2. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP):

• The CPTPP, a trade agreement among Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam, remained a significant trade pact. Its provisions aimed at reducing tariffs and promoting economic integration.

3. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP):

• The RCEP, involving 15 Asia-Pacific countries, came into effect in January 2022. It became the world's largest free-trade area, covering a significant portion of the global economy.

4. Brexit and UK-EU Trade Relations:

• The United Kingdom formally left the European Union, and negotiations on the future relationship, including trade agreements, continued. Changes in trade policies and border regulations had implications for businesses and economies in the UK and the EU.

5. Trade Relations between the U.S. and China:

• The trade relationship between the United States and China continued to evolve, with ongoing discussions on trade imbalances, intellectual property, and market access. Tariffs imposed during the trade tensions remained a significant aspect of the relationship.

6. African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA):

• The AfCFTA, aimed at creating a single market for goods and services in Africa, entered into force. It represented a significant step toward economic integration on the African continent.

7. Changes in Tariff Policies:

• Various countries adjusted their tariff policies in response to economic conditions, trade negotiations, and geopolitical considerations. Some nations increased or decreased tariffs on specific goods, impacting global supply chains.

8. COVID-19 Pandemic and Trade Impact:

• The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, leading to increased scrutiny of dependencies on certain regions for critical goods. Some countries reevaluated their trade strategies and considered reshoring or diversifying sources.

9. Digital Trade and E-commerce Agreements:

• The importance of digital trade and e-commerce continued to grow. Countries explored agreements addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital economy.

10. Trade and Climate Change:

• There was increasing recognition of the intersection between trade policies and climate change. Some trade agreements included provisions related to sustainable practices and environmental standards.