1. Challenging Norms:

• Satire and sarcasm challenge societal norms, institutions, and traditions. They serve as tools for questioning authority and pointing out the absurdities in everyday life.

2. Social Commentary:

• Satirical and sarcastic humor is a form of social commentary. It highlights issues, flaws, or hypocrisies in a humorous and often exaggerated way.

3. Political Satire:

• Satire is frequently used to critique political figures, governments, and policies. Satirical comedy shows like "Saturday Night Live" and "The Daily Show" use satire to skewer politicians and public figures.

4. Exaggeration and Absurdity:

• Satire and sarcasm often employ exaggeration and absurdity to emphasize their points. By taking an extreme stance, they bring attention to the flaws they're addressing.

5. Irony and Double Meanings:

• Sarcasm, in particular, relies on irony and double meanings. It involves saying one thing but meaning the opposite, often with a tone of mockery or disdain.

6. Challenging Taboos:

• Satire and sarcasm can challenge taboos and address sensitive subjects. This can be a way to provoke thought and discussion about uncomfortable topics.

7. Catharsis:

• For both comedians and audiences, satire and sarcasm can provide a form of catharsis. By humorously addressing serious issues, they allow people to release tension and frustration.

8. Cognitive Dissonance:

• Satirical humor can create cognitive dissonance by presenting a viewpoint that contradicts what the audience believes to be true. This can lead to introspection and self-examination.

9. Freedom of Expression:

• Satire and sarcasm are expressions of free speech. They can be seen as a way for individuals to voice their opinions and criticisms in a humorous and protected manner.

10. Risk and Controversy: - Satire and sarcasm come with the risk of controversy and offense. Not everyone appreciates this form of humor, and it can lead to backlash or public outrage.

11. Responsibility and Balance: - Comedians and satirists often grapple with the balance between pushing boundaries and being responsible. They must consider the potential impact of their humor on individuals and society.

12. Cultural Variances: - The acceptability of satire and sarcasm can vary by culture and context. What's considered humorous and thought-provoking in one culture may be offensive in another.

13. Distinguishing Intent: - It's important to distinguish between satire and genuine harmful intent. Satirical humor is a form of criticism, not an attack on individuals or groups.

Satire and sarcasm are essential components of humor and social commentary. They have been used for centuries to question authority, challenge norms, and prompt discussion. However, their effectiveness and impact depend on the audience's perspective, the context in which they are used, and the balance between pushing boundaries and respecting sensitivities.