Common Internet Hoaxes:

1. Chain Emails: These often contain false stories, rumors, or hoaxes and encourage recipients to forward the message to others.

2. Fake News Articles: Websites or social media accounts publish fabricated news stories that may resemble credible sources to deceive readers.

3. False Health Information: Misinformation about health and medical topics, including fake cures, treatments, or vaccine-related hoaxes, can pose health risks.

4. Social Media Scams: Scammers use platforms like Facebook or Instagram to create fake accounts or run deceptive contests or giveaways to gain personal information or money.

5. Phishing Emails: Cybercriminals send emails pretending to be legitimate organizations to steal personal information or money.

Identifying and Combating Misinformation:

1. Check Multiple Sources: Verify information by cross-referencing it with multiple reliable sources. Avoid relying solely on a single website or social media post.

2. Look for Credible Sources: Trust well-established news outlets, government agencies, and reputable research institutions for accurate information.

3. Fact-Checking Websites: Websites like Snopes, FactCheck.org, and PolitiFact specialize in debunking myths and hoaxes.

4. Critical Thinking: Be skeptical of sensational claims, and question information that lacks evidence or credible sources.

5. Check Dates: Ensure that information is up-to-date, as old stories can resurface as if they're current.

6. Consider the Source: Evaluate the credibility of the source. Check for author qualifications and whether the site has an "About Us" section.

7. Beware of Emotional Manipulation: Misinformation often evokes strong emotions. Pause and think critically when you encounter emotionally charged content.

8. Avoid Echo Chambers: Diversify your sources of information to avoid confirmation bias, where you only expose yourself to information that confirms your existing beliefs.

9. Report False Information: Report false or harmful content on social media platforms and websites to help reduce its spread.

10. Educate Others: Share tips for identifying misinformation and educate friends and family about the dangers of hoaxes and fake news.

11. Digital Literacy: Improve your digital literacy by staying informed about online threats, scams, and techniques used to spread misinformation.

12. Protect Personal Information: Be cautious about sharing personal information online, especially in response to unsolicited requests.

Misinformation can have real-world consequences, from public health risks to political manipulation. By actively participating in combating internet hoaxes and fake news, you can contribute to a more informed and responsible digital society.