1. Economic Impact:

• Trade: One of the most significant changes is the UK's departure from the EU single market and customs union. New trade agreements and customs procedures have been implemented, affecting trade with the EU and other countries. The full economic consequences are still evolving, but disruptions in supply chains and additional paperwork have been noted.

• Foreign Direct Investment: Brexit has impacted foreign direct investment, with some businesses reconsidering their presence in the UK due to uncertainties surrounding trade and access to the EU market.

• Currency Fluctuations: The value of the British pound has fluctuated in response to Brexit developments. Currency volatility can affect trade and foreign investments.

• Economic Growth: The long-term effects on economic growth are still uncertain, but there are concerns about potential economic ramifications, including reduced growth.

2. Political Impact:

• Leadership Changes: Brexit led to changes in political leadership, with Boris Johnson becoming Prime Minister in 2019, largely on the promise of delivering Brexit. The Conservative Party secured a strong majority in the 2019 general election.

• Unity and Discontent: Brexit exposed divisions within political parties and across regions of the UK. Scotland and Northern Ireland voted to remain in the EU, leading to discussions of possible Scottish independence referendums and implications for the Good Friday Agreement.

• Nationalism and Identity: The Brexit vote and process have fueled debates about national identity and sovereignty, particularly with regard to the UK's relationship with the EU.

3. International Relations:

• European Union: The UK's relationship with the EU has fundamentally changed. While the EU and UK have reached a trade deal, cooperation on a wide range of issues, from security to scientific research, is being renegotiated.

• Global Trade: The UK is pursuing new trade agreements with countries outside the EU. Agreements with countries like Japan and Australia have been signed, but the impact on the UK's economy is still to be determined.

• Security and Defense: Brexit has implications for security and defense cooperation with EU member states, which the UK was previously part of through the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP).

• Ireland: The Brexit deal includes provisions to avoid a hard border on the island of Ireland, but challenges related to the Northern Ireland Protocol have arisen.

• Geopolitical Shift: Brexit may signal a shift in the UK's geopolitical orientation and its approach to international alliances and partnerships.

While the full impact of Brexit on the UK's economy, politics, and international relations is still unfolding, it is clear that the decision to leave the EU has had far-reaching consequences. The coming years will provide a clearer picture of the long-term effects, as the UK navigates its new relationship with the EU and adapts to a changing global landscape.